50 Most Commonly Used One Word Substitutions (Related to Governance / Polity):
1. Abdicate: To step down from a throne or an office of dignity
2. Aborigines: The original inhabitants of a country
3. Adhocracy: A flexible and informal style of organizing, managing and governing, generally on ad-hoc basis i.e in an unstructured manner
4. Albocracy: A government by white-skinned people, usually discriminatory against those of other colours
5. Alien: One who resides in a country of which he is not a citizen
6. Amnesty: General pardon of political offenders
7. Anarchist: A person who doesn't believe in the system of organised governance and wishes to throw out all establishments
8. Anarchy: Absence of government/governance
9. Angelocracy: Government by the angels
10. Aristocracy: Government by the nobles i.e by the best citizens
11. Autocracy / Despotism / Dictatorship: A government by one person who possesses absolute powers and exercises uncontrolled authority
12. Autonomy: The right to self-government
13. Bureaucracy: Government run by officials or departments of the state
14. Chauvinism: Unreasonable enthusiasm for the glorification of one's country
15. Condominium: Joint control or sovereignty exercised over a country by other countries (usually by a group)
16. Cosmopolitan: A person who regards the whole world as his own country
17. Demagogue: A political leader who tries to gain support of ordinary people by exploiting their ignorance
18. Democracy: Government of the people, by the people and for the people
19. Diarchy / Dyarchy: Government by two independent authorities or people
20. Gerontocracy: Government run by the old / elderly people
21. Hagiocracy: Government run by saints and holy persons
22. Hierocracy: A hierarchical rule or government controlled by priests
23. Hinterland: Parts of a country behind the coast or a river bank
24. Idiocracy: Self or personal rule
25. Infiltrator: A person who sneaks into a country
26. Interregnum: The period between two reigns
27. Isocracy: A system of government in which all people possess equal political powers
28. Kakistocracy: A government run by the fools or incompetent people
29. Kleptocracy: A government in which will of thieves prevails
30. Manifesto: Policy as a political party
31. Matriarchy: Government run by mothers or women
32. Mob: Group or crowd of people in a riot, unrest or demonstration
33. Mobocracy: Government run by a mob
34. Monarchy: Government run by an individual, generally in hierarchical manner
35. Mutiny: Open rebellion of soldiers against a lawful authority
36. Oligarchy: Government run by the few people
37. Patriarchy: Government by men or fathers
38. Plebiscite: Decision made upon a political question by the votes of all qualified persons
39. Plenipotentiary: A person with full discretionary powers to act on behalf of a country
40. Plutocracy: Government run by the wealthy people
41. Politics: The science of government
42. Protocol: System or code of diplomatic etiquette and precedence
43. Referendum: To decide a political question by the direct vote of the whole electorate
44. Regicide: Murder of a king
45. Revolution: Sweeping governmental change
46. Stratocracy: Government run by the military forces
47. Technocracy: Government run by technical experts
48. Theocracy: Government run by divine guidance i.e the God or a deity is considered as the king or the immediate ruler
49. Whip: A person sharing responsibility for a political party's discipline and tactics
50. Xenocracy: Government run by the foreigners